Friday, November 2, 2012

Surveys are Rays of Sunshine

   

   ESO has learned of two recent surveys by the two elected bodies of Essex County Government.  The School Board posted a survey (with printed copies available upon request) seeking public input about the considerations and attributes desired in the next Superintendent.  The Board of Supervisors posted an internal county employee survey to obtain comments and concerns about the functioning of our county government.  Both Boards have clearaly done the right thing by seeking information and opinions.  The survey results varied and this is a brief Tale of Two Surveys.  

 

   The School board survey was an invitation for the public, and particularly the parents of school children and the teachers and administrators, to play an important role in the selection process.  Unfortunately, ESO believes the response was disappointing.  As of October 17 it was reported that 110 responses had been received. ONLY 110! – was it public apathy or was the distribution method for the survey at fault for the low response rate?  Clearly the School Board properly attempted to open the shutters and pull up the shades, but only a little sunshine illuminated their path toward the selection of the next Superintendent.

 

   ESO has not seen the County Government survey nor have we been told any details about the results.  That's as it should be because the sunshine, in this case, was to help the Board and the County Administrator improve the efficiency and effectiveness of local government.  We have heard from various sources that many employees appreciated the opportunity to provide candid comments and the fact that the top management wanted to hear they had to say.  Rumor has it that a number of very candid comments and suggestions were provided by the employee respondents.

           

   ESO believes that Open Government and transparency are best served when sunshine illuminates the staffing policies and procedures of the Essex County Government and when the public (VOTERS) and the staff (county employees, school administrative staff, and teachers) are part of the dialogue and decision making process.

 

John R. Clickener

Tuesday, October 30, 2012

Use of County Vehicles

   On 31 September ESO received an e-mail from "Concerned Citizen" with the e-mail address <againstessex@(omitted)> reporting the possible wrongful personal use of an Essex County Vehicle.  ESO is not part of the County Administration nor does it have law enforcement authority. ESO does oppose waste, fraud, and abuse and believes that all the County Ordinances, Policies, Regulations and other tools of responsible management should be easily accessible (available on the internet and in print at the library) to all the citizens of Essex County. Unfortunately, we didn't find a policy.

 

   The new County Administrator found that there are both an old and a new policy.  The old policy is primarily an administrative document dealing with titles, accidents, tags and insurance, etc. and doesn't seem to prescribe who, when, and how county vehicles may be used.  The new policy is explicit as to who, when, and how county officials and employees may use county vehicles.  It also encompasses the use of all motorized equipment, including construction equipment.  Finally, it incorporates a safe driving program to ensure that vehicle and equipment operators are properly licensed.

 

   This vehicle and equipment policies consolidate and will be coordinated with the new Essex County Personnel Policy Manual which will soon be published.  The final version will be proposed to the Board of Supervisors for Adoption/Readopt ion in the next few months.

 

   Back to the report by "Concerned Citizen."  The best way to initiate an inquiry about a possible waste, fraud, or abuse complaint is to immediately notify the County Administrator. 

 

   Specifically, regarding Essex County owned vehicles, other than those assigned to the Sheriff's Department and the School Board, there are only four county positions who have "Take Home" dedicated vehicles for Official Use.  They are: The Building and Zoning Official, the Maintenance Supervisor, the EMS Chief, and the Emergency Management Supervisor.  There are also occasions where it may be deemed that the use of a county vehicle for travel to meetings, training, conferences, etc. may be more cost effective than paying mileage for the use of a personal vehicle.  If so, the County Administrator may approve such use or may delegate that authority to a Department Supervisor. 

 

   ESO looks forward to the time when all County Ordinances, Policies, Instructions, budgets,etc. will be current and easily accessible an Essex County comprehensive web site and in print at our Public Library

 

John R. Clickener

County Chain of Command Made Clear

   Back on 31 July ESO asked the Board of Supervisors who the Deputy County Administrator worked for and a number of related questions.  We still don't have any answers from the Board or any of the Board Members.  However, the Board, when hiring our Acting County Administrator, made it clear that the Deputy County Administrator worked directly for the County Administrator.

 

   This will be reflected in the organizational chart (chain-of-command diagram) in the new Essex County Personnel Policy Manual which will soon be published.  Presumably the Position Description for the Deputy County Administrator will also be amended to reflect the approved authority line.

 

   There are still a number of questions that SHOULD be answered by the Board of Supervisors!

           

   Open Government and transparency are better served when sunshine illuminates the staffing policies and procedures of the Essex County Government and ALL the questions are answered.

 

John R. Clickener

 

Monday, October 15, 2012

Another Ray of Sunshine

The Board of Supervisors/County Administrator recently directed that the Minutes of the Board of Supervisors' Meetings be posted on the web.  This may sound like a very small accomplishment but it replaces years of darkness.  This little ray of sunshine makes it possible for every citizen of Essex County (and the world) to review the discussions, reports, and decisions of our government at any time and at any location where internet access is available.
Yet to be seen is how the process will work.  The current information appears to be the beginning of archival access to minutes in a manner similar to the access provided on the new Essex Public Schools web site.
There is some thought that the draft minutes could be posted immediately after each meeting.  This is preferable IF IT IS CLEAR that the minutes are in draft form and are subject to corrections, reformatting, and other changes.  Meeting Minutes are not binding until approved by the Board of Supervisors.

John R. Clickener

Sunday, October 14, 2012

School Board Ray of Sunshine

The comprehensive and thoughtful presentation by the Essex County Public Schools Bus Transportation Supervisor was a burst of sunshine.  It also was the first public step in developing the FY 2013-2014 School Budget.  It is ESO's hope that this entire budget process will be collaborative and open to the public for the first time.  It's of concern that by mid-October the School Board has not published a comprehensive* Budget Development Calendar.  (* Comprehensive means that all meetings are announced and open to the public, all revenue and expenditure assumptions are disclosed to the public, that the budget fully addresses the NEEDS of the school system as required in the Code of Virginia, that public comments are considered at both the individual school and at the school system level, and the budget at each step is published in the format prescribed by the Code.)
Briefly, the Transportation Supervisor informed the School Board of the present status of the transportation system (busses and other vehicles), identified the need to develop a comprehensive vehicle replacement program, and encouraged the use of a cost benefit analysis in determining the benefits of maintenance parts and labor costs for aged high mileage vehicles, the improved fuel economy and extended service intervals of new vehicles, and the significant safety improvements incorporated in new vehicles.  ESO believes that he provided critical data and a realistic approach for developing the next budget.  His data also provides a sound model to create a plan for vehicle replacement planning. We appreciate his thoughtful solid work, his clear presentation, and his obvious dedication and professionalism.   

John R. Clickener

Thursday, October 11, 2012

YOU Only Count if YOU Vote!

I was recently asked  to announce that October 30 is the last day Absentee Ballots can be mailed to voters. 

Thanks.  Larnie Flannagan, General Registrar Essex County

Further Vote 2012 information: 
1.  Absentee Voting (or early voting) is available now.  Contact the Ms. Flannagan's Office at 443-4611 for specific times. 

2.  This Election determines who will be the next President and Vice President of our nation, who  will be our junior Senator representing Virginia, who will be our Representative for the First Congressional District in Virginia, the enactment or failure of two Virginia Constitutional Amendments (one on property rights and one about procedures in the General Assembly), and in the CENTRAL District ONLY who will be elected to the School Board.

3.  A failure to vote is a statement that an individual is indifferent about their rights. responsibilities, and how representative, efficient, and effective government is.

John R. Clickener

Saturday, October 6, 2012

Compensation – It Matters

     The single largest expense item in the Essex County Budget, which includes the County Government and Essex County Public Schools, is Personnel.  The personnel cost include direct compensation for salary and hourly wages, various benefits, and the government (the employer) portion of taxes plus some other small items.  An additional but significant cost is the cost related to personnel is recruiting and training our employees.
   The ESO post on 21 September provided information about the personnel turnover within the Public Schools.  The loss of experienced teachers and staff not only has a negative impact on the education of our children, it increases expenses and reduces efficiency and effectiveness.  Clearly, the turnover during the 2011-2012 school year created higher recruiting and training expenses.
   This post continues to bring sunshine to the wages of Essex County employees.  The compensation for the County Administrator and the Superintendent of Schools is reported in the posting of their employment contracts.  Those contracts also describe the additional benefits which are authorized as part of their total compensation and benefits packages.
  Please click on the following link to view a summary of many of the County Positions and the wage bands or ranges approved for those positions:
The Constitutional Officer's and most of their staff's wages are prescribed by the Commonwealth and are not included in the summary. 
  A future post will contain compensation information for employees of the Public School System.
  Comments, suggestions, and questions are always welcome.
John R. Clickener

Friday, October 5, 2012

New County Administrator Opens the Shutters

   Our new County Administrator, William (Bill) Pennell has identified issues and initiated projects to bring the sunshine into Essex County Government.  ESO has learned that he has made an assessment of the digital communications capabilities of Essex County and is developing plans to enhance the speed and functionality of the system using already existing technology.  He is also committed to providing more information and better content using a greatly improved web presence.  He also, for apparently the first time, posted a County Position Announcement on the County Web Page.
  Other areas being considered include greater transparency and public involvement in the annual budget development, clarification and improvement in the county government organizational structure, updating, codification and improving accessibility of the Essex County Ordinances, policies, position descriptions, and other information that should be in the public domain.
   EssexSunshine.Org recognizes that this will take time and appreciates Mr. Pennell's commitment to open government and transparency.  As a highly successful County Administrator in Lancaster County he understood that openness reduces costs and promotes efficiency.  Please see the August 16 posting by retired Mathews County Administrator Steve Whiteway regarding his view of the benefits of open government.  
  We congratulate the Board of Supervisors on selecting an exceptional seasoned individual to serve Essex County as our Interim County Administrator.
  We wish Bill Pennell the very best in fully opening the shutters, raising the blinds, and pulling back the drapes so that sunshine reaches every corner of our County Government.
John R. Clickener 

Saturday, September 22, 2012

County Leadership Changes!

Over the next 13+ months Essex County will undergo major changes in government leadership.

 The recent retirement of County Administrator David Whitlow will be filled on an interim basis while a search for a new Chief Administrative Officer is conducted.  The Superintendent of Schools, who received an early contract extension and a pay raise, just announced the he was resigning on or before December 17, 2012. The School Board announced that they must employ a new Superintendent within 180 days and the search process is underway.

The School Board will hold a public meeting on Monday 24 September at 7:00 PM in the School Board Complex to discuss the search and transition process.  ESO urges all registered voters, especially our teachers, to attend the meeting.

The Board of Supervisors appointed Bill Pennel, retired County Administrator of Lancaster County, as the Interim County Administrator.  Mr. Pennel had a distinguished record of accomplishments in Lancaster County.

 There are also a number of rumors about who will or won't run for the Board of Supervisors and the  School Board in 2013.  Our Essex County General Registrar Larnie Flannagan confirmed  both the North District and the Greater Tappahannock will be on the 2013 Ballot for both boards as will the At Large Seat for the School Board.


Friday, September 21, 2012

Tie-Breaker Needed?

Oz Bell recently contacted ESO to point out that with a four person Board of Supervisors, there is no means to resolve a tie.  There have been occasions when the the Board split 2 to 2 thereby causing the motion to fail.  (In keeping with ESO policy, Mrs. Bell permitted her name to be published.)

The Code of Virginia, 15.2-1421,  provides for the election of a tie-breaker as an at-large position who would only vote in the event of a tie.  It appears that the Board of Supervisors would have to initiate the establishment of a Tie-Breaker elected position.

There are several questions that would have to be researched.  Does the General Assembly have to enact legislation to permit Essex County to establish the position?  Would the position be compensated?  What amount?  Do the voters in Essex County want to establish a new position?

Let ESO know your opinion.  More importantly, contact the Supervisor for your district and let them know your opinion.

John Clickener


Teacher and Staff Turnover Examined

Several people have contacted ESO with questions about the turnover in teachers and staff within Essex County Public Schools.  To determine the facts, ESO issued a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Request to the Superintended and President of the School Board.  We asked for 5 years data in three major categories: Teachers and Aides, Supervisory Staff, and Central Office Staff.


The original estimate for research and copying was 2 hours.  However, the research, compilation of data, and copying took 7 hours.  Apparently the Human Resources Management function within the School System does not have a searchable data base.  Responding to ESO’s FOIA request required an employee to review manual records to determine personnel losses and the reasons for leaving the School System.






Taxpayers, ESO reimbursed the School System for the actual billed hours.  While this information should be readily available, we don’t believe that the taxpayers should have to pay for an opportunity to review the facts.

We leave the interpretation you, our readers.  Clearly there was an exceptional turnover during the 2007 to 2008 School Year.  The turnover in both 2010 to 2011 and 2011 to 2012 appears to be high.

We would welcome comments for both current Public School employees and retirees/former employees regarding the number reported about and the underlying reasons for the periods of high turnover.  If you wish to remain anonymous, ESO WILL NOT disclose your name or contact information.  Please remember that you can be a part of our effort bring Sunshine into Essex County but sharing information and asking questions.
John Clickener

Sunday, August 26, 2012

THE ELECTION IS COMING! THE ELECTION IS COMING!

Are you ready to cast your vote on November 6, 2012? Here is a short list to get you ready.

 

Are you going away for vacation, school or business? Do you or someone you know serve in the Military? Does your work commute keep you on the road from sun up to

sun down? Are you disabled or have an illness that make waiting at the Polls more than you can bear? Are you a first responder with the Police, Fire Department or Rescue Squad? Maybe you're expecting a baby or just planning to work at the Polls on Election Day?

 

These are just a few of the reasons you may vote an Absentee Ballot at the Registrar's Office beginning September 21, 2012. Absentee voting will continue Monday through Friday from 8:30 until 4:30 until November 2. On the last two Saturdays before the Election, October 27 and November 3, the Registrar's Office will be open from 9 to 5.

 

Have you checked with Voter Registration to see that your address is correct? How about the old Post Office Box? Do you still have it, or not? We need to know so your new Voter Card, mandated by the Governor, can get to you by the end of September.

Are you registered to vote? If not, you have until October 15, 2012 at 5 o'clock. Can't get to the Registrar's Office to pick up a form? Then download one. Google: VA Voter Registration Application. Complete it and mail to PO Box 1561, Tappahannock, VA 22560 for Essex County. If you are in a nearby County, the mailing address for your Registrar will be listed with the form download.

 

Have you heard the rumors about what you will need at the Polls? Never fear! That information will be coming to you on TV, in the Newspapers and from my office. If you still have questions, call me at 804-443-4611 in Essex or look in the telephone book under the name of your County and go down to Voter Registration. The Virginia State Board of Elections in Richmond will also answer your questions. Call them at 1-800­552-9745.

 

This is an exciting time of Year! Listen carefully! Ask questions! Choose wisely! Then come out on November 6, 2012 to cast your vote. The Polls will open at 6 a.m. and close at 7 p.m.

 

Larnie M. Flannagan   443-4611

General Registrar

Essex County

 
ESO thanks our General Registrar for this essential information.  In our opinion effecient and effective government depends upon active and concerned citizens (the famous "Grass Roots" at elections).  It is the right of each elibible citizen to vote. 
 
Some of us believe that it is a patriotic obligation. owed to the service men and women who have sacrificed to create our nation and protect our right to vote, TO VOTE.  We hope that you share that belief.
 
If you are not registered you have until October 15 to register. 
If you are not certain you are registered, please call Ms. Flannagan before Octob 15. 
If you are registered, or as soon as you are, PLEASE make sure that you VOTE!  Voting is patriotic!
If you are not able to get to the polls on 6 November, PLEASE vote by absentee ballot as described above.
If you are able to go to the polls, PLEASE vote in person.
Lastly, please encourage all of those eligible in your family and among your friends to register and VOTE!
 
John R. Clickener
 
ESO relinquishes all copyright claim to the above posting and encourages the distribution of the text.

Monday, August 20, 2012

VIRGINIA WATCHDOG REPORTS ON ESO EFFORTS

17 August – Interview by reporter Katie Watson published in the Virginia Watchdog

 

VA: Essex County residents take government transparency into their own hands

By Kathryn Watson |  Virginia Watchdog  Summary:  The interview briefly examines the creation of EssexSunshine.Org and use of a website to provide public access to public information.  Brief mention is made of progress and the hope for the public to become more active. 

 
ALEXANDRIA - Essex officials won't be keeping any more secrets. Not if a small band of fired-up residents can help it.
 
They've started essexcountysunshine.org.
 
Together, the half dozen or so contributors ....

 

The full article is available at the following LINK   http://watchdog.org/50152/essex-county-citizens-take-government-transparency-into-their-own-hands/

Retired County Administrator Comments about Transparency

 

16 August – To ESO by e-mail

 

            Several years ago, Mathews County began an effort to provide more public information and to increase transparency for the benefit of the citizens.  At first, it was uncomfortable for county staff and officials.  Now we celebrate our annual A+ transparency rating from the Sunshine Review and actually enjoy preempting investigating reporters by posting all information online before they can even ask for it.  Online you can find our employee salaries, monthly accounts payable, and job postings.  It has freed staff up from constantly answering questions about the county government . . . we direct citizens to our website.

 

Steve Whiteway

Retired Mathews County Administrator

ESO IN THE NORTHERN NECK NEWS

 

14 August – Interview by Reporter Diane Saison published in the Northern Neck News.  Summary:  The interview examines the purpose of EssexSunshine.Org, it's goals, and the evaluation of the Government and School web sites openness and transparency by a national open government organization.  The interview explores the Virginia Open Meeting Act and the Freedom of Information Act and the some of the major areas which need improvement.  Also discussed is the importance of citizen involvement both in elections and in governance.

 

Watchdog website holds Essex County officials accountable

Posted on Tuesday, August 14, 2012 at 4:59 pm

For years, watchdog agencies have rated Essex County poorly for their lack of sharing policy, procedural and public documents.

But in the past few months, a small band of concerned residents have joined together to break down political walls and shed light on their local government.

And together they are doing it in the most public way possible, through their new website essexsunshine.org. 

At the center of it all is one of the original founders and current publisher, John Clickener, who started putting the site together this spring with the help of like-minded citizens in hopes that local officials would be forced to face their deficiencies and enact change.

 

The full article is available at http://www.northernnecknews.com/?p=4427

THE ESSEX COUNTY CONTRACTS

 Much has been written about County Administrator's Contract with the Essex County Board of Supervisors as Letters to the Editor in the Rappahannock Times and in commentary on the Essex Tea Party website.  This EssexSunshine.Org (ESO) website has commented about the extension of the Superintendent of Essex Public Schools contract extension approval with over a year to go before the completion of the original contract (1).  Very few Essex County citizens have actually seen any of those contracts.

Contracts are required to be accessable to the public by Virginia Law.  One of the areas evaluated by Sunshine Review (2) in rating both County Government and School Board website is the accessibility of contracts.  Therefore, ESO requested copies of the contracts which are published at the following links:

County Administrator's Contract:  

Original Superintendent's Contract: 

Extension of Superintendent's Contract:
            http://www.essexsunshine.org/pdflib/super-2012.pdf

Please note that the documents are civil contracts NOT ordinances.  Claims have been made that the non-fulfillment of the portion of the County Administrators contract is ILLEGAL. ESO believes that the claim of "illegality" has been made either in error or as a deliberate misrepresentation of fact. 

An appropriate question would be whether the Board of Supervisors agreed to either amend or waive any aspect of the contract.  The County Administrator, was and is thru 30 September 2012, an at will employee subject to termination of employment at any time for any reason.  Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that the Board of Supervisors, by continuing to employ the County Administrator in effect waived or chose to not enforce a portion of the employment contract.

Also of public interest is the $6,000 salary increase granted to the Superintendent in conjunction with the contract extension.  It's ESO opinion that the 5% increase exceeds the salary increase approved for the teachers and staff. 


John R. Clickener

Tuesday, July 31, 2012

Who Does The Deputy County Administrator Work For?

   The Board touched on the issue of who the Deputy County Administrator reports to at a recent Board meeting when they discussed the draft County Personnel Manual.  The organization chart was mentioned, specifically who the Assistant/Deputy County Administrator was to report to.  The draft chart apparently had the position report to the County Administrator

   Although the Board initially appeared to agree, it suddenly went into closed session regarding that issue.  When they returned to open session it was announced that more work would be done on the organization chart.  The minutes of that meeting are not posted on the County Government web site.

   Why was the topic of the County Organization Chart discussed in a closed meeting?  The Essex County Government organization chart does not appear to be an authorized exemption from the Virginia "Open Meeting Law", specifically § 2.2-3712 et al.

   Directly regarding the position of the formerly titled Assistant County Administrator, recently changed to the Deputy County Administrator, there are a number of questions that SHOULD be answered by the Board of Supervisors: 
  
            Why was the position title changed?
            When was the position title changed? 
            Were the salary and benefits changed?  If so, were they included in the 2012-2013 Budget?
            Why was the position of Assistant and the now Deputy County Administrator an appointment by the Board of Supervisors?
            When was the original appointment as Assistant County Administrator first made?
            Why does the Board of Supervisors, a legislative and policy body, supervise an operational and administrative position subordinate to the County Administrator?
            Is there any precedence in any other Virginia locality for this very unusual organizational structure where the Assistant/Deputy to the chief administrative officer reports to Board of Supervisors?
            Is the appointment of either an Assistant County Administrator or Deputy County Administrator authorized by the Code of Virginia?
            Doesn't the appointment of the Deputy County Administrator conflict with the Code of Virginia Sections § 15.2-1540, § 15.2-1541, and § 15.2-1541.1?
            Doesn't Section § 15.2-1540, subparagraph 7 specifically state that the County Administrator shall "Appoint all officers and employees of the locality, except as he may authorize the head of an office, department and board         responsible …? 
            Is there a contract for the position?  After all, it is an appointment!
            What is the term of the contract?  One year?  Three years?  Life?
            Who does the position report toIt appears that the position reports to and works for the Board of     Supervisors rather than the County Administrator?  
            Have annual performance reviews been prepared annually since the date the position was first filled? 
            Who wrote the performance reviews for the Assistant County Administrator in the past? 
            Who is now responsible for writing the performance reviews for the Deputy County Administrator Position?

   Open Government and transparency are better served when sunshine illuminates the staffing policies and procedures of the Essex County Government and all the questions are answered.

John R. Clickener

Wednesday, July 18, 2012

Where are the County Ordinances?

    The ESO news and commentary post of 27 June fulfilled our promise to provide comparative evaluation data for the Web Sites in the nearby counties.  We stated that the Board of Supervisors web site is missing many documents, publications, etc.  A very short list of some essential missing information was included in that blog.

   One of the most important "missing" items is the Publication containing the entire Code of County Ordinances.  I started my search at the Essex County Library.  They did not have a copy.  The helpful staff at our County Administrators Office allowed me read what may be one of the few (?) or only (?) complete copies of the Code of Essex County Ordinances.  Perhaps the Constitutional Officers and the Clerks of the Counts may have copies.  I have not checked with each of those individuals.  
             
   It's not surprising that the Commonwealth of Virginia has published the Code of Virginia (Laws of the Commonwealth) as a searchable online database.  What is remarkable, and the Mayor, Town Council, and the staff of the Town of Tappahannock deserve full credit for transparency and open government, is the Town Code of Ordinances are published online at

http://library.municode.com/index.aspx?clientId=12438. or there is a link from the Town web site.

It's easy to navigate and fully accessible to the public.

   The Code of County Ordinances, along with the Board Agendas and the Board Minutes already exist as printed documents.  Future agendas and minutes will undoubtedly be prepared as digital documents which can then be easily uploaded.  Any new Ordinances, or changes to existing ordinances, can also be easily uploaded. 

   The School Board opened their new web site in less than five months.  It should be a relatively simple task to place the Code of Ordinances, along with archives for the agendas and minutes, on an improved Essex County web site. 

   Most importantly, it will significantly improve openness and transparency within Essex County Government.

 John Clickener 

Transparency for Position Descriptions. Part 2

   This is ESO's second step in our effort to bring more sunshine into local government.  We are publishing the position descriptions for the Essex County Recreation Director, the Wetlands EngineerAlso included are the statutes for Industrial Development Authority (IDA), and the Planning CommissionTransparency includes informing the public of what the specific duties and responsibilities are for our elected and appointed leaders of our County Government.

    Please note that for the IDA and the Planning Commission the statutes require the enactment of local ordinances (ie Essex County Ordinances) which are not currently readily available to the PublicThe ordinances will be a topic in a future article.

   This may have an additional benefit because the collection of data could be transferred directly to the much needed new Essex County Government web site. 
  
   Future posting will include more individual county government position descriptions, the statutory duties of the Airport Authority and other Essex County public bodies, and revisions to the county position descriptions as they are proposed.  We will also begin posting the Essex County Schools position description later in the summer.

   The following position descriptions and statutory basis for the IDA and the Planning Commission are now open to the public:


      



John Clickener